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The size of critical secondary nuclei of polymer crystals does not depend on supersaturation 

Yang Liu, Zhiqi Wang, Yao Zhang, Tianyu Wu, Tianze Zheng, Bao Hua Guo, Günter Reiter, Jun Xu. Nature Communications 16 (2025) 3773

It is still a great challenge to determine the size of critical nuclei, which is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of crystallization and for testing the controversial crystallization theories. Here, we propose a method to determine the size of critical secondary nuclei on growth faces of poly(butylene succinate) single crystals in solution, basing on the probability of statistically selecting crystallizable units in random copolymers. In a dilute solution and for a given crystallization temperature, we reveal that the size of critical secondary nuclei was independent of supersaturation, contrary to the well-accepted prediction of existing theories which expect that the size of the critical nucleus increases with decreasing supersaturation. Accounting correctly for the dilution-caused change in the steady-state concentration of clusters of various sizes, we remedy inconsistencies of existing theoretical approaches in deriving the correct size of critical secondary nuclei in solution being independent of supersaturation. (more...)


Selective Dissolution as a Tool for Detecting Spatial Variations in the Degree of Metastability within Lamellar Polymer Crystals

Binghua Wang, Hailong Zou, Xuchen Wang, Changyu Shen, Jingbo Chen, Günter Reiter, Bin Zhang. Nature Communications 16 (2025) 3275

The dissolution of polymer crystals often proceeds at rates varying in time and space. Here, using low molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) as a model polymer, we exploit step-wise selective dissolution for unveiling how spatial variations in metastability are generated during the growth of lamellar polymer single crystals. The dissolution velocity along defined crystal faces is constant, but ca. 5 times faster for rough than for smooth faces. From the temperature dependence of dissolution, we derive detachment energies of 420 ± 40 kJ/mol and 650 ± 50 kJ/mol for rough and smooth faces, respectively, suggesting that on a rough face polymer chains have ca. 1/3 less neighboring molecules to interact with. The observed high values of the activation energy indicate that, for dissolving a polymer crystal, the progressive detachment of whole chains is indispensable. Our study reveals a strong relation between growth kinetics and the resulting metastability of polymer crystals. (more...)


London dispersion forces and steric effects within nanocomposites tune interaction energies and chain conformation

Baode Zhang, Snežana D. Zarić, Sonja S. Zrilić, Iosif Gofman, Barbara Heck, Günter Reiter. Communications Chemistry 8 (2025) 21

baode.jpgThe interplay between attractive London dispersion forces and steric effects due to repulsive forces resulting from the Pauli principle often determines the geometry and stability of nanostructures. Aromatic polyimides (PI) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were chosen as building blocks as two components in the hetero delocalized electron nanostructures. Two PIs, having the same diamine part and different linkage substituents between two phenyl rings of dianhydride part, one linked with ether bond (C-O-C) (OPI), the other with C-(CF3)2 (FPI), were investigated. Surprisingly, two CNT/PI nanocomposites show distinct failure mode from CNT yielding to CNT pull-out failure. Calculation of the interaction energy and chain conformations of each PI upon CNT was performed by accurate density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamic simulation (MDS). (more...)


Effect of chemical structure on the crystallization kinetics of triple polymorphic high-sulfur-content polythioethers

Valentina Pirela, Leire Unanue, Justine Elgoyhen, Javier Ramos, Juan Francisco Vega, Agurtzane Mugica, Manuela Zubitur, Cuong Minh Quoc Le, Abraham Chemtob, Radmila Tomovska, Günter Reiter, Jaime Martín, Alejandro J. Müller. European Polymer Journal (2025) 113721

This work studies how the chemical structure of relatively similar high-sulfur alternating polythioether homopolymers (DMDS-alt-DVE, DMDS-alt-TEGDVE, and DMDS-alt-BDDVE) affects their structural properties, morphology, polymorphism, and crystallization kinetics. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) experiments revealed a complex crystallization for the samples in which up to three different polymorphic phases were identified: a very low melting crystal form (VL-Tm form), a low melting crystal form (L-Tm form) and a high melting crystal form (H-Tm form), characterized by their corresponding melting temperature ranges and confirmed via Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). A coexistence of negative and positive spherulites was found, and their origin was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), which showed how the lamellar arrangement varied in the samples from predominantly radial to a cross-hatched morphology. (more...) 


 

Liste der Veröffentlichungen

Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films via Dewetting.
Günter Reiter. In: "Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films", Ed. Toshiji Kanaya. Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-34338-4, Adv. Polym. Sci. 252, 29 (2013)
Thin Polymer Films Out of Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Mithun Chowdhury. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 2012
Investigation of Melting and Re-Crystallisation Behavior of Polyethylene Nanocrystals
Nandita Basu. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 2012
Severe deformations of malignant bone and skin cells, as well as aged cells, on micropatterned surfaces
Patricia M. Davidson, Tokuko Haraguchi, Takako Koujin, Thorsten Steinberg, Pascal Tomakidi, Yasushi Hiraoka, Karine Anselme, Günter Reiter. In "Biomaterials Surface Science" Eds. Andreas Taubert, Joao F. Mano, Jose Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello. Wiley-VCH Germany, ISBN 978-3527330317 (2013)
Morphological changes during annealing of polyethylene nanocrystals
Nandita Basu, Anna Osichow, Stefan Mecking, Günter Reiter. EPJE 35,18 (2012)
Anisotropic Charge Transport in Spherulitic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films
Edward J. W. Crossland, Kim Tremel, Florian Fischer, Khosrow Rahimi, Günter Reiter, Ullrich Steiner, and Sabine Ludwigs. Adv. Mater. 24, 839–844 (2012)
Molecular dynamics and biaxiality of nematic polymers and elastomers
Felicitas Brömmel, Werner Stille, Heino Finkelmann, Anke Hoffmann. Soft Matter 7, 2387-2401 (2011)
Non-equilibrium behavior of thin polymer films
Katherine R. Thomas, Alexis Chenneviere, Günter Reiter and Ullrich Steiner. Phys. Rev. E 83, 021804 (2011)
Depression of the Zero Growth Temperature by Counits Observed for s-Polypropylene in Light Attenuation Experiments
Ralf Delto, Werner Stille, Gert Strobl. Macromolecules 43, 1035-1040 (2010)
Conductance fluctuations in metal-nanoparticle-metal junctions
L. V. Govor, G. H. Bauer, G. Reiter, and J. Parisi. Phys. Rev. B 82, 155437 (2010)
Aging of thin polymer films cast from a near-theta solvent
Adam Raegen, Mithun Chowdhury, Christophe Calers, Alexander Schmatulla, Ullrich Steiner, and Günter Reiter. Phys. Rev. Letters 105, 227801 (2010)
Spreading of Liquids on Substrates
Günter Reiter. In Handbook of Adhesion Technology. Eds. Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva, Andreas Öchsner, Robert Adams. Springer 2011
Systematic Control of Nucleation Density in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films
Edward J. W. Crossland, Khosrow Rahimi, Günter Reiter, Ullrich Steiner, and Sabine Ludwigs. Advanced Functional Materials 21, 518–524 (2011)
Possible origin of thickness-dependent deviations from bulk properties of thin polymer films
Günter Reiter, Simone Napolitano. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 48, 2544-2547 (2010)
Surface-induced breakout crystallization in cylinderforming P(I-b-EO) diblock copolymer thin films
C.M. Papadakis, C. Darko, Z. Di, K. Troll, E. Metwalli, A. Timmann, G. Reiter, and S. Förster. European Physical Journal E 34, 7 (2011)
Topographically induced self-deformation of the nuclei of cells: dependence on cell type and proposed mechanisms
Patricia M. Davidson, Olivia Fromigue, Pierre J. Marie, Vasif Hasirci, Günter Reiter, Karine Anselme. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. 21, 939-946 (2010)
Accelerating Dewetting on Deformable Substrates by Adding a Liquid Underlayer
Lin Xu, Günter Reiter, Tongfei Shi and Lijia An. Langmuir 26, 7270–7276 (2010)
高分子の物理―構造と物性を理解するために (単行本)
G.R. ストローブル (著), Gert R. Strobl (原著), 深尾 浩次 (翻訳), 宮地 英紀 (翻訳), 宮本 嘉久 (翻訳), 林 久夫 (翻訳). 出版社: シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 (1998/2010) ISBN 978-4431707950
Two Competing Crystallization Modes in a Smectogenic Polyester
Barbara Heck, Ernesto Perez and Gert Strobl. Macromolecules 43, 4172-4183 (2010)
Oriented crystallization of isotactic polystyrene in films prepared by friction transfer
K. Jradi, S. Bistac, M. Schmitt, G. Reiter. Polymer 50, 3724-3729 (2009)
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